Endodontic rotary file systems9/8/2023 ![]() THE RATIONALE FOR HEAT-TREATED NITI FILES 10,11Įxamples of the latest generation are HyFlex CM (Coltène), K3XF (SybronEndo), ProFile Vortex Blue (Dentsply Sirona), ProTaper Ultimate (Dentsply Sirona), ZenFlex (Kerr), EdgeTaper Platinum (EdgeEndo), and Genius Proflex (Medidenta). ![]() At the same time, clinical studies reported lower fracture rates using these heat-treated files. Following the implementation of these technologies, the engine-driven files became safer, with enhanced performance in shaping ability, especially in the preparation of anatomical challenges, such as curved canals. Each company developed a different heat treatment method. In 2007, post-grinding thermomechanical procedures began to be used by the leading manufacturers initiating the third generation of instruments. Despite requiring fewer instruments, fractures were still a significant concern, and preliminary clinical guidelines were recommended, such as glide path and coronal preflaring, which reduced the occurrence of file separations. 9Įxamples of the second generation are EndoSequence (Brasseler), K3 (Sybron), ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Sirona), and Genius (Medidenta). 8 However, only one study found that EP significantly reduces the resistance to cyclic fatigue while increasing the angle of deflection at failure. EP removes surface irregularities, cracks, and residual stress caused by the previous grinding process. In addition, some manufacturers applied a supplemental treatment on the file surface called electropolishing (EP). These enhancements led to fewer instruments required to accomplish complete canal preparation. Second-generation file showing modifications on the cutting surface. The primary deficiencies of the systems in this group were the number of instruments required to achieve the complete canal preparation and the rather complex protocols needed.įigure 2. ![]() Examples of the first generation are McXim File (NT Company), GT system (Dentsply Sirona), LightSpeed (LightSpeed Technology), Pow-R (Moyco), ProFile (Dentsply Sirona), and Quantec (Tycom). ![]() The first-generation NiTi rotary files were characterized by instruments having passive cutting radial land (Figure 1), constant taper, and a neutral or negative rake angle. NiTi rotary instruments for the mechanized preparation of root canals were developed by John McSpadden and Ben Johnson in 1990. Improvements in metallurgical technology allowed the development of various new instruments with innovative designs, blade geometries, and alloy thermomechanical treatments, resulting in improved efficiency. Practitioners, universities, and companies started unprecedented cooperation to understand the countless advantages that adopting this unique metal alloy could provide for the evolution of the instrumentation technique.Īs a result, the last 3 decades have seen an explosion in the development of NiTi endodontic file systems, and tremendous progress has been made. In the early 1990s, the use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy to manufacture engine-driven instruments for shaping root canals moved endodontics to a different level. ![]()
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